Что такое минилекс и как с ним работать

Полиглот Гуннемарк разработал для начинающих специальный словарь – минилекс.

Лексика

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Что такое минилекс
Методика Гуннемарка
Занятия по минилексу
Минилекс. Список слов.

Изучение английского языка требует усилий и времени. Как ускорить процесс? С чего начинать?

На эти вопросы частично ответил Эрик Гуннемарк. Он разработал специальную методику, в которой обобщил свой опыт и предложил правила для ускоренного изучения иностранных языков. Он же является автором минилекса.

Что такое минилекс

Приступая к освоению языка, новички испытывают трудности. Они не знают какими принципами руководствоваться и в какой последовательности учить темы. Гуннемарк разработал для начинающих специальный словарь – минилекс. Это набор слов, чаще других встречающихся в речи.

Автор определил их количество на каждом этапе изучения: от порогового уровня (400-500 слов) до повседневного общения с иностранцем (800 слов).

Полиглот из Швеции Эрик В. Гуннемарк известен как автор пособия «Искусство изучать языки». Им разработаны обучающие приёмы, рассчитанные на начинающих. Полиглот составил перечень слов и выражений – «Минилекс» и «Минифраз», необходимых для элементарного общения. Он дал практические рекомендации и предоставил примеры, упрощающие процесс обучения.

Методика Гуннемарка

Методика предполагает освоение языковых навыков с помощью заучивания 400-500 слов, составляющих «активный минимум», и около 130 фраз или речевых «штампов». Запомнив их, можно легко понимать и даже изъясняться на любом иностранном языке на базовом уровне.

В зависимости от словарного запаса, у человека появляется всё больше возможностей оперировать иностранным языком:

400-500 слов – необходимая минимальная база;
800-1000 – для нормального диалога, запас для чтения начального уровня;
1500-2000 – активный словарный запас, каждодневное общение, запас для нормального чтения;
3000-4000 – более-менее свободное чтение художественных произведений и новостных лент;
8000 – полноценное и свободное общение;
10 000-20 000 – словарный запас образованного западного гражданина.

Занятия по минилексу

Автор метода предлагает для развития языковых навыков использовать следующие упражнения:

Обучение. Называется предмет, изображенный на картинке, переводится и произносится вслух.
Чтение. К каждому прочитанному слову подбирается картинка.
Аудирование. В соответствии с услышанным подбирается изображение.
Написание. По картинке пишется слово, обозначающее изображение.

Для освоения лексического минимума предлагаются такие темы: люди, время, действия, эмоции, объекты, направления, дни недели и другие повседневные слова.

Обучение по этой методике поможет получить прочную базу знаний, которая обеспечит дальнейшее совершенствование языка. Важно не просто заучивать, а составлять свои простые предложения и диалоги со словами из минилекса.

Минилекс. Список слов.

Слово / Перевод	Перевод	Пример
Friday пятница	пятница	Let's go swimming on Friday.
I я	я	I don't like winter. Mary and I will do the cooking.
Monday понедельник	понедельник	Let's meet for lunch on Monday.
Saturday суббота	суббота	See you on Saturday.
Sunday воскресенье	воскресенье	Are you doing anything nice on Sunday?
Thursday четверг	четверг	I had lunch with Joe on Thursday.
Tuesday вторник	вторник	We are leaving on Tuesday.
Wednesday среда	среда	This year, Christmas falls on a Wednesday.
a little немного	немного	We managed to save a little money. The whole situation makes me a little nervous. You should rest a little.
about о , около	о, около	He told me about your problem.
about примерно	примерно	I'll meet you at about 8 p.m.
accident несчастный случай , случайность , происшествие , авария	несчастный случай, случайность, происшествие, авария	If you have an accident, you will need to phone your insurance company immediately.
according to согласно , в соответствии с	согласно, в соответствии с	We should try to play the game according to the rules.
afraid испуганный	испуганный	I was afraid that you'd miss the flight.
after после	после	Go straight ahead and then turn right after the library. I went for a swim after breakfast.
again снова , опять	снова, опять	You'll have to tell me again – I wasn't listening.
against против	против	She spoke against the decision to close the college. The plants must be protected against frost.
ago тому назад	тому назад	Your brother phoned a few minutes ago.
air воздух	воздух	She breathed in the cold air.
all весь , все	весь, все	All animals have to eat in order to live. Have you drunk it all? It's very kind of you to come all the way to meet me.
almost почти	почти	It’s almost a year since she died.
alone одинокий , один	одинокий, один	Mary was alone in the house.
already уже	уже	I have already finished the project.
also так же , тоже , также	так же, тоже, также	I'm cold, and I'm also hungry and tired.
although хотя	хотя	Although she's got a good job now, she still complains.
always всегда	всегда	My parents and I do not always agree.
and и	и	Everyone was singing and dancing.
angry сердитый , рассерженный , злой , разозлённый	сердитый, рассерженный, злой, разозлённый	He is very angry about the way he's been treated.
answer ответить , отвечать	ответить, отвечать	You haven't answered my question.
arrive прибыть , прибывать	прибыть, прибывать	What time does your plane arrive?
ask спрашивать , спросить	спрашивать, спросить	I wondered who had given her the ring but was afraid to ask. If you need any help, just ask.
at в , у	в, у	We'll meet you at the entrance. There's a meeting at 2.30 this afternoon.
at home дома	дома	Are you at home?
at least по меньшей мере	по меньшей мере	We are expecting to at least double our money. At least no one can accuse me of hiding the truth.
at the bottom внизу	внизу	The date and time are shown at the bottom of your screen. These creatures live at the bottom of the sea.
autumn осень	осень	We haven't heard from him since last autumn.
bad плохой	плохой	The weather was really bad – it rained all week. She was feeling stressed after a bad day at work.
bag сумка	сумка	I have a big collection of bags at home.
beautiful привлекательный , красивый , прекрасный	привлекательный, красивый, прекрасный	Their mother was a very beautiful woman.
because потому что	потому что	We went by bus because it was cheaper. I couldn’t phone you because I hadn’t got your number.
because of из-за	из-за	The game was cancelled because of the snow.
become становиться , стать	становиться, стать	The sky became dark.
before до , до того , перед	до, до того, перед	I did a few morning exercises before breakfast. We moved to London before the war.
begin начинать , начинаться , начать	начинать, начинаться, начать	She felt her life was just beginning. He began shouting at them.
behind позади , за , сзади	позади, за, сзади	The teacher was standing behind me, looking over my shoulder.
believe верить	верить	Scientists believe a cure for the disease will be discovered soon.
best самый лучший , наилучший	самый лучший, наилучший	You're my best friend, John!
better лучше	лучше	Why was it that everyone else did better than me in the exams?
between между	между	The office will be closed between Christmas and New Year.
big большой	большой	The company faces big problems.
black чёрный	чёрный	The zebra is a wild African horse with black and white stripes.
blue голубой , синий	голубой, синий	He looked at her with his pale blue eyes.
book книга	книга	What book would you like to read during the flight?
boring скучный	скучный	The movie we watched yesterday was extremely boring.
borrow взять в долг , занять , позаимствовать	взять в долг, занять, позаимствовать	Can I borrow your pencil?
both оба	оба	Both my parents are doctors.
boy мальчик	мальчик	As a young boy, my father used to walk three miles to school.
bread хлеб	хлеб	Do you bake your own bread?
bring приносить , приводить , привозить , доставлять	приносить, приводить, привозить, доставлять	Bring a coat in case it turns cold.
brother брат	брат	My brother's name is Brian.
but но	но	Anna’s a highly intelligent girl, but she’s rather lazy.
buy покупать , купить	покупать, купить	I need to buy some new clothes.
calm спокойный	спокойный	An hour after our quarrel, I started to feel calm.
can мочь , уметь	мочь, уметь	She could play the violin by the time she was six.
car автомобиль , машина	автомобиль, машина	She got into her car and drove away.
certain убеждённый	убеждённый	I’m not absolutely certain, but I think I’m right.
change поменять , изменить , менять , обменять , заменить	поменять, изменить, менять, обменять, заменить	Some things never change. After a few days the weather changed dramatically.
cheap дешёвый	дешёвый	People were drinking cheap wine from plastic cups. People should have access to cheap, fresh food.
check проверять	проверять	Always check your spelling. I think he's gone home – I'll just check.
cheerful весёлый	весёлый	Stephen was a cheerful, affectionate child.
child ребёнок	ребёнок	All of our children are grown and married.
city город	город	New and better hotels are springing up in most of Russia's major cities.
clean чистый	чистый	Go and put on a clean shirt.
clear ясный , понятный , чёткий	ясный, понятный, чёткий	It was very clear that something was worrying him.
close закрыть , закрывать	закрыть, закрывать	Close the door quietly behind you.
clothes одежда	одежда	Carmen wears the most beautiful clothes.
cold холодный	холодный	The water was too cold for a shower.
collect собирать , коллекционировать , забирать , собрать	собирать, коллекционировать, забирать, собрать	When did you start collecting dolls?
colour цвет	цвет	Blue is my favourite colour.
come приходить , приезжать , приехать , прийти	приходить, приезжать, приехать, прийти	A tall woman in black was coming across the lawn. We came to the conclusion that she must be telling the truth. The new changes will come into effect next month.
common обычный	обычный	It was common for children to play in the street.
completely совершенно , полностью , абсолютно	совершенно, полностью, абсолютно	Doctors said the operation was completely successful.
continue продолжить , продолжать	продолжить, продолжать	He continued typing while he spoke.
country страна	страна	Ministers from four countries met today in Washington.
cry лить слёзы , плакать	лить слёзы, плакать	I could hear someone crying outside.
damage вред	вред	Damage to the building could take six months to repair.
dangerous опасный	опасный	Ashley is playing a dangerous game, pretending to support both parties.
daughter дочь	дочь	Liz and Phil have a daughter and three sons.
day день	день	We're going away for five days.
dead мёртвый	мёртвый	The police don’t know whether she’s alive or dead.
dear дорогой , милый	дорогой, милый	She is a very dear friend of mine.
different разный , непохожий , отличающийся , различный	разный, непохожий, отличающийся, различный	Six different boys asked me to dance.
difficult сложный , тяжёлый , трудный	сложный, тяжёлый, трудный	Choosing the winner was a difficult task.
dirty грязный	грязный	I felt dirty, hungry, and cold.
do делать	делать	I haven't seen you in a while – how are you doing ?
down вниз	вниз	Someone pushed him and he fell down the stairs. She was walking down the street.
drink пить	пить	He drank three glasses of water.
drop уронить , ронять	уронить, ронять	He dropped a few coins into my hand.
dry сухой	сухой	Is the grass dry enough to cut?
during в течение , во время	в течение, во время	During the summer season, all the hotels are full in our city
early ранний	ранний	The plants flower in early spring.
earth земля	земля	They felt the earth shaking beneath their feet. The satellite slowly rotates as it circles the earth.
east восток	восток	Her home is in the east of France.
east of к востоку от	к востоку от	They live in the east of the city.
easy лёгкий , простой , нетрудный	лёгкий, простой, нетрудный	Finding somewhere to live in London isn't easy.
eat кушать , есть	кушать, есть	We sat on the grass and ate our sandwiches.
eight восемь	восемь	They have eight children.
eighteen восемнадцать	восемнадцать	She's turning eighteen next month.
eighth восьмой	восьмой	He came eighth in the race.
eighty восемьдесят	восемьдесят	My granny was born eighty years ago.
eleven одиннадцать	одиннадцать	There're only eleven rooms in the hotel.
eleventh одиннадцатый	одиннадцатый	He spent his eleventh birthday with parents.
empty пустой , свободный , безлюдный	пустой, свободный, безлюдный	His pockets were empty.
enough достаточно	достаточно	Are there enough desserts for everyone?
especially особенно	особенно	It was a very cold house, especially in winter.
evening вечер	вечер	Thank you for such an enjoyable evening.
every каждый , любой	каждый, любой	Every bedroom has its own private bathroom.
everybody всякий , все	всякий, все	Everybody likes birthday cake.
everything все	все	Everything's done by computer nowadays.
everywhere повсюду , везде	повсюду, везде	His kids play everywhere they can.
exactly именно , точно , конкретно	именно, точно, конкретно	The garden is exactly the same as it was 10 years ago.
except кроме	кроме	All the team were there except Eddie, who was ill.
expensive дорогостоящий , дорогой	дорогостоящий, дорогой	My best friend always wears expensive clothes.
eye глаз	глаз	I fixed my eye on the clock.
fairly вполне , довольно , достаточно , весьма	вполне, довольно, достаточно, весьма	We went to the theatre fairly often. He enjoys fairly good health.
fall падать , снижаться , опускаться , упасть	падать, снижаться, опускаться, упасть	Ann's just fallen downstairs and hurt her back. The temperature has been falling steadily all day.
fall осень	осень	Next fall we'll be back in New York.
family семья	семья	A family with two children live next door.
famous известный	известный	He dreamed of becoming a famous footballer.
fast быстрый	быстрый	Simon loves fast cars.
father отец , папа	отец, папа	My father taught me to drive.
feel чувствовать	чувствовать	I was feeling cheerful when they came.
fetch принести	принести	He went to fetch his coat.
fifteen пятнадцать	пятнадцать	They live about fifteen miles away.
fifth пятый	пятый	Tomorrow is the fifth of September.
fifty пятьдесят	пятьдесят	They were doing fifty miles an hour.
finally наконец-то , наконец , в конце концов	наконец-то, наконец, в конце концов	We finally arrived home and went to bed. After months of looking he finally found a job.
find находить , обнаружить , найти	находить, обнаружить, найти	Have you already found the keys?
finish заканчивать , закончить	заканчивать, закончить	I've nearly finished my work.
first первый	первый	This is the first car I've ever owned.
first сначала	сначала	Speak to me first, before you do anything.
five пять	пять	There're five fingers on each hand.
flat квартира	квартира	I would like to ask you a few questions about the flat.
food еда	еда	Prices of food and clothing have risen dramatically in recent years.
foot ступня , нога	ступня, нога	Mary slid her feet into her sandals.
for для , в течение	для, в течение	I've been waiting for an hour.
foreign иностранный	иностранный	Working in a foreign country takes some time to get used to.
forget забывать , забыть	забывать, забыть	I've forgotten her phone number. She forgot her sunglasses. Try to forget about him. I think we can forget the idea of a holiday this year.
forty сорок	сорок	He looks about forty.
four четыре	четыре	Most animals have four legs.
fourteen четырнадцать	четырнадцать	Her baby is fourteen months old.
fourth четвертый	четвертый	We came fourth in the quiz.
free бесплатный , свободный	бесплатный, свободный	There is plenty of free parking.
friend друг , подруга	друг, подруга	She's visiting friends in Scotland.
from из , от	из, от	The watch was a present from his daughter. She's from Russia.
full полный	полный	He turned the radio on full volume.
funny забавный , смешной	забавный, смешной	Wouldn't it be funny if we played a trick on him?
get получать , становиться , доставать , добираться , получить	получать, становиться, доставать, добираться, получить	Ross's father got a new job. It's getting late – I have to go. You need to get your hair cut. How long does it take to get from London to Leeds?
girl девочка	девочка	What a pretty little girl!
give давать	давать	Could you give me that pen?
glad довольный , радостный	довольный, радостный	I'm so glad you're here!
go идти , ехать , ходить , ездить , пойти	идти, ехать, ходить, ездить, пойти	Where did Sue go? None of her brothers went to college. Where did all their money go?
go to bed идти спать , ложиться спать	идти спать, ложиться спать	She goes to bed very early.
good хорошо , хороший	хорошо, хороший	Did you have a good time at the party?
gradually постепенно	постепенно	She gradually built up a reputation as a successful lawyer.
great великий , огромный , большой	великий, огромный, большой	He was in a great hurry. This is a great opportunity to raise a lot of money.
green зелёный	зелёный	The first bright green leaves were showing.
ground почва	почва	I fell to the ground. People were sitting on the ground in small groups.
half an hour полчаса	полчаса	I’ll call you back within the next half an hour.
hand рука , кисть	рука, кисть	He was holding a mug of coffee in his left hand.
happy счастливый , весёлый	счастливый, весёлый	The children seem very happy at new school.
hard тяжёлый , твёрдый	тяжёлый, твёрдый	It is too hard to answer these questions.
have иметь , обладать	иметь, обладать	They have a house in Hanover Square. They have got two kids of their own.
have fun веселиться	веселиться	We haven't had such fun for years.
he он	он	I told William, but he didn't believe me. Everyone has a right to say what he thinks.
head голова , председатель	голова, председатель	She had bruise on the side of her head. It's my first season as head coach.
hear слышать	слышать	Do you hear the birds singing outside?
heart сердце	сердце	I could hear his heart beating.
heavy крупный , тяжёлый	крупный, тяжёлый	The bag was heavier than I'd expected.
help помогать , помочь	помогать, помочь	If you are finding that difficult, I could help you.
her ей , ею , её	ей, ею, её	Has anyone seen her?
here здесь , вот , тут	здесь, вот, тут	Wait here. I'll be back in a minute. We've lived here for over 20 years.
high высокий	высокий	The fence is too high to climb over.
him ему , его , им	ему, его, им	Luke wants me to marry him. Each patient should receive the treatment that suits him best.
his его	его	She was attracted by his smile.
hold обнимать , держать	обнимать, держать	He sat beside me and held me tight.
home дом , жилище	дом, жилище	We go to a school close to our home.
hope надеяться	надеяться	I just hope she's pleasant to him on his birthday.
hot горячий , жаркий	горячий, жаркий	Cook the fish under a hot grill for 5 minutes.
hour час	час	She checked on the children every hour.
house дом , здание	дом, здание	I would like to rent a house for my summer vacation.
how Как?	Как?	How do you spell your last name?
how many сколько (вопрос о количестве)	сколько (вопрос о количестве)	How many students are taking the test?
how much сколько (вопрос о количестве) , сколько (вопрос о стоимости)	сколько (вопрос о количестве), сколько (вопрос о стоимости)	How much water is at home? How much was that CD player of yours?
hungry голодный	голодный	We were cold, tired, and hungry.
husband муж	муж	She met her husband through a dating agency.
if если	если	If we miss the last bus, we'll have to walk home.
ill больной	больной	He's been ill for a couple of weeks.
immediately немедленно	немедленно	I immediately recognized his voice. She decided to leave immediately.
important важный	важный	Music was an important part of the life of the community.
impossible невозможный	невозможный	We were faced with an impossible task.
in в , внутри	в, внутри	He had left his passport in his coat pocket.
in front of перед , перед чем-то	перед, перед чем-то	There is a shop in front of the theatre.
in the morning утром	утром	I listen to the radio in the morning.
interesting интересный	интересный	She's an interesting new writer.
into в , внутрь	в, внутрь	She got into her car and drove away. Pour the mixture into a large saucepan.
it он , она , оно , это	он, она, оно, это	I can't find my ticket. I think I must have lost it. It's nice to be home again. It rained in the night. Hello, it's me, Jack.
it hurts болит	болит	Tell me where it hurts.
its его , её , свой	его, её, свой	The child was calling for its mother.
joke шутить	шутить	They joked and laughed as they looked at the photos.
journey путешествие , путешествие (из одной точки в другую)	путешествие, путешествие (из одной точки в другую)	We had a long journey ahead of us.
just только что , только , просто	только что, только, просто	Mum's just gone down to the shops. I can't come now. I'm just putting the children to bed.
keep сохранять , держать , хранить	сохранять, держать, хранить	Keep still while I brush your hair. I think we should keep this one and sell the others. Read this letter carefully, and keep it in a safe place.
key ключ	ключ	Where are my car keys?
kind добрый	добрый	She was very kind to me when the children were ill.
know знать	знать	'Have they arrived yet?' 'I don't know.' Some of you may know Ivan already.
lady дама	дама	I remember her as an elegant lady. She doesn’t talk like a lady.
language язык	язык	Linguistics is the study of language and how people use it.
last последний , прошлый	последний, прошлый	His next book will be even better than his last. Tonight's performance is the last in a series.
late поздний	поздний	She phoned to say she’d be late.
laugh at смеяться над	смеяться над	The other kids laughed at his haircut.
learn учить кого-то , узнавать , учиться , научиться , изучить , учить	учить кого-то, узнавать, учиться, научиться, изучить, учить	What did you learn at school today?
leave уезжать , покидать , уходить	уезжать, покидать, уходить	Our train to London leaves at five tomorrow.
left левый	левый	He wore a wedding ring on his left hand.
lend предоставлять , одалживать	предоставлять, одалживать	The local library will lend books for a month without charge. Joe lent this car to us for the weekend. Then Max arrived to lend his assistance.
let позволить	позволить	Her parents didn't let her go out yesterday.
letter письмо , буква	письмо, буква	Did you write a letter to your new pen friend?
lie лежать	лежать	She was lying on the bed watching television.
lie down прилечь , лечь	прилечь, лечь	He lay down on the bed and tried to relax.
life жизнь	жизнь	She devoted her life to helping others.
light лёгкий , светлый , лёгкий , не тяжелый	лёгкий, светлый, лёгкий, не тяжелый	The table is a lot lighter than it looks.
light свет , огонь	свет, огонь	The room gets a lot of light in the afternoons.
like нравиться	нравиться	Do you like my new hairstyle?
listen слушать	слушать	What kind of music do you listen to?
live жить , проживать	жить, проживать	Paris is a nice place to live.
long длинный , долгий	длинный, долгий	It's a long time since I saw Rachel.
look at смотреть , смотреть на	смотреть, смотреть на	He turned and looked at her.
look for искать	искать	We are looking for an assistant in a new business project.
lose терять , проигрывать	терять, проигрывать	Did Mike lose his job last year?
love любить	любить	We love each other, and we're going to get married. She loved her children with all her heart.
low низкий	низкий	There was a low bridge across the river. The plane was very low.
man мужчина	мужчина	He is an ambitious young man!
many много	много	I've been to their house many times.
married женат	женат	He's married to my older sister.
may иметь разрешение , иметь возможность , возможно , можно	иметь разрешение, иметь возможность, возможно, можно	There may be an easier way of solving the problem. May we come in now? The bill may be paid by cheque or by credit card. You may enter.
me мне , меня , мной	мне, меня, мной	I think Darren really likes me.
mean значить , означать , иметь в виду	значить, означать, иметь в виду	This English word means something different in German. What do you mean by that remark?
meet встречать , встречаться , встретить	встречать, встречаться, встретить	I'll meet you in the bar later. The two teams met last year in the final. The two rivers meet just north of the town.
minute минута	минута	I'll meet you downstairs in ten minutes.
mistake ошибка	ошибка	I won't make the same mistake again!
money деньги	деньги	No, I can't come – I haven't got any money.
month месяц	месяц	I should try to finish my novel over the next few months.
more больше	больше	The stereos are more expensive in Japan than they are here. You should come and visit us more often. I should like to travel more.
morning утро	утро	What time did you get up this morning?
mother мать , мама	мать, мама	My mother and father live in Rome.
mouth рот	рот	She opened her mouth to speak.
much намного , много	намного, много	It's a small car that doesn't use much fuel. Do you travel much? He doesn't seem to care much about the children 's education. Things haven’t changed much.
my моё , моя , мои , мой	моё, моя, мои, мой	I shut my eyes and thought about the sea.
name имя , название	имя, название	They used to call me all kinds of names at school.
near рядом	рядом	I lived near the school.
necessary необходимый	необходимый	It was necessary for all students to register a week in advance.
need нуждаться	нуждаться	You'll need some warm clothes for the winter.
never никогда	никогда	I've never been in love before. I waited, but she never came.
new новый	новый	They are going to build a new office block here.
news новости	новости	I'm afraid I've got some bad news.
newspaper газета	газета	I never read newspapers.
next следующий	следующий	He said he was leaving for Rome the next day.
nice милый , приятный	милый, приятный	She's a nice girl.
night ночь	ночь	It was a lovely starlit night.
nine девять	девять	They have nine grandchildren.
nineteen девятнадцать	девятнадцать	She is turning nineteen next month.
ninety девяносто	девяносто	My granny is ninety and she's still gorgeous.
ninth девятый	девятый	They finished ninth in the competition. About a ninth of the money raised is spent on administration.
no нет	нет	No, I won't go there.
nobody никто	никто	Bill thinks that nobody understands him.
noise шум , звук	шум, звук	Please will you stop making so much noise!
north север	север	She grew up in the north of France. How do you like living in the north?
not не	не	I won't tell her. I told you not to do that.
not yet ещё нет , пока нет	ещё нет, пока нет	I haven't seen him yet. Have you read this book yet?
nothing ничего	ничего	You were so focused, like there was nothing else.
nought ноль	ноль	He's got several noughts on the end of his salary.
now сейчас , теперь	сейчас, теперь	Many people now own a smartphone.
of course безусловно , конечно	безусловно, конечно	"Can you help me?" "Of course."
often часто	часто	How often do you eat chocolate? I've been swimming twice as often as I did last year.
old старый	старый	There's an old belief that animals can predict earthquakes.
on на	на	We got on the train at Bournville.
on the left слева	слева	The cinema is on the left.
on the right справа	справа	His school is on the right.
once однажды , один раз	однажды, один раз	I'm only going to say this once, so listen carefully. Did you know that Dan was once a policeman?
one один	один	They have one daughter and five sons. How much does one kilo of potatoes cost?
one hundred сто , сотня	сто, сотня	We've driven one hundred miles in the last two hours. We received hundreds of applications for the job.
one thousand тысяча	тысяча	I still have a thousand things to do.
only только	только	It's only an idea, but I thought we could try it out. The flowers grow wild only on the island of Maui.
open открывать , открыть	открывать, открыть	Can you open this jam jar? Open your books at page 25.
or или	или	He's probably at lunch or in a meeting. Which colour do you want – red, green, yellow, or blue?
other другой	другой	The report will be of interest to teachers and others in the education field. I suggested a camping holiday, but Kerry had other ideas.
otherwise иначе	иначе	I hope the weather improves. Otherwise, we'll have to cancel the picnic.
our наш , наша , наши , наше	наш, наша, наши, наше	Today is a day we'll remember for the rest of our lives. We're very proud of our Jack.
out наружу , отсюда , вне	наружу, отсюда, вне	We went out into the garden. He is out just now, visiting a patient. She went out, slamming the door behind her. I'll be out of town for a couple of weeks.
over над	над	The Simpsons live in a flat over the shop.
page страница	страница	For information on hotels in Amsterdam, see page 20.
pain боль	боль	He heard Leo scream in pain.
paper бумага	бумага	We had to show our papers at the security desk.
part часть	часть	It was a pretty boring class, but the part about using spreadsheets was quite useful.
pay платить , заплатить , оплачивать	платить, заплатить, оплачивать	Let me pay for dinner. Did Linda pay you for looking after her cats while she was away?
pen ручка	ручка	Have you got a pen and paper?
pencil карандаш	карандаш	Here's my coloured pencil!
people люди , народ	люди, народ	On this issue, government has failed to listen to the people.
perhaps возможно , вероятно , может быть , пожалуй	возможно, вероятно, может быть, пожалуй	You don't look well – perhaps you should go to the doctor.
person личность , человек	личность, человек	His person had been searched without legal authority.
picture картина	картина	I noticed a picture on the dining-room wall.
piece кусок , часть , кусочек	кусок, часть, кусочек	I've used four pieces of paper already. He divided the dough into four pieces.
place место	место	I don't like crowded places.
play играть	играть	The children were playing football in the park.
pleased довольный	довольный	Are you pleased with the way things went yesterday? It took a long time to complete the work, but I'm very pleased with the results.
possible возможный	возможный	The task will not be possible without access to the Internet.
price цена , стоимость	цена, стоимость	They charge the same prices in all their restaurants.
probably вероятно	вероятно	You'll probably be gone by the time I get back.
promise обещать	обещать	The police chief promised tougher action against young criminals. This evening promises to be a lot of fun.
put класть , положить	класть, положить	Put your book on the shelf.
question вопрос	вопрос	Why won't you answer my question?
quickly быстро	быстро	Let me explain very quickly what I mean.
quite довольно , весьма , вполне , очень	довольно, весьма, вполне, очень	Are you quite sure you know what to do? I was feeling quite tired after our walk. I don't quite understand the problem.
read читать	читать	I read a few chapters of a book every night.
ready готовый	готовый	We'll never be ready in time.
reason причина	причина	The police asked her the reason for her visit.
red красный	красный	She was wearing bright red lipstick.
relative родственник	родственник	We spent the week visiting relatives.
remember вспомнить , помнить	вспомнить, помнить	I can still remember every word of our conversation.
right правый , правильный	правый, правильный	Hold the bat in your right hand. Is this the right way to the station?
road дорога , путь , улица	дорога, путь, улица	All roads leading into the village are flooded.
room комната , место	комната, место	Annie ran out of the room.
sad грустный , унылый , печальный	грустный, унылый, печальный	Reading our granny's letter made us all feel sad.
safe сохранный , надёжный , безопасный	сохранный, надёжный, безопасный	Travelling by plane is much safer than driving your own car. Will my car be safe if I park it in the street?
same тот же самый , одинаковый , такой же	тот же самый, одинаковый, такой же	My twin sister and I have the same nose. She was wearing exactly the same dress as I was.
satisfied удовлетворенный	удовлетворенный	Honestly, some customers are never satisfied!
say называть время , говорить , произносить , произнести	называть время, говорить, произносить, произнести	Small children find it difficult to say long words. I think we should stop now. What do you say?
school школа	школа	It's the biggest school in the city.
second второй	второй	Is Carla her first or second child? This is the second time I've had flu this winter.
see видеть , посмотреть , взглянуть , увидеть	видеть, посмотреть, взглянуть, увидеть	Can you see John there?
sell продавать , продать	продавать, продать	They've already sold over two million copies of their record.
send отправлять , посылать , присылать , послать	отправлять, посылать, присылать, послать	I sent the letters yesterday, so they should arrive today.
seven семь	семь	She has seven brothers.
seventeen семнадцать	семнадцать	I'm nearly seventeen so I should be able to do what I want.
seventh седьмой	седьмой	She came seventh in a national poetry competition.
seventy семьдесят	семьдесят	My first teacher is turning seventy this year.
several несколько	несколько	The strike lasted for several days. Ariel is one of his several nieces.
she она	она	I was with Lisa when she bought her wedding dress. She is my sister.
shop магазин	магазин	Where can I find a book shop?
short низкий , короткий	низкий, короткий	Could you give us a short summary of what happened?
should следовало бы	следовало бы	Parents should spend as much time with their children as possible. What should be taught in our schools?
show показывать , показать	показывать, показать	Show me your tickets, sir.
shut закрывать , запирать , закрываться , захлопнуть	закрывать, запирать, закрываться, захлопнуть	Please shut the door behind you. Let's shut the shop early tonight.
side сторона	сторона	The railway ran along the north side of the valley.
since с тех пор как , с (какого-то времени)	с тех пор как, с (какого-то времени)	I've known Joanna since she was born. Turkey has been a republic since 1923. Everything has changed so much since last spring.
sing петь	петь	Malcolm likes singing in the bath.
sister сестра	сестра	He has two brothers and two sisters.
six шесть	шесть	Look for a bus with a number six on the front of it.
sixteen шестнадцать	шестнадцать	We have got sixteen people coming for lunch.
sixth шестой	шестой	I have to return my library books on the sixth of July.
sixty шестьдесят	шестьдесят	She plans to retire at sixty.
slow медленный	медленный	The first part of the film is very slow.
small маленький	маленький	These shoes are too small for me.
so такой , очень , так , итак , ладно	такой, очень, так, итак, ладно	The house is so beautiful. Thank you for being so patient. So, when do you start your new job?
some какой-нибудь , немного , некоторый	какой-нибудь, немного, некоторый	If you need more paper then just take some. Some of you here have already met Imran. Have some of this tea - it's very good.
somebody кто-нибудь , кто-то	кто-нибудь, кто-то	Somebody must have seen it happen. You could give it to somebody else.
something что-нибудь , что-то	что-нибудь, что-то	There's something sharp in my shoe. I could smell something burning.
sometimes иногда	иногда	Sometimes it's so cold I don't even want to leave the house.
son сын	сын	My younger son is a doctor.
soon скоро	скоро	If you don't leave soon, you're going to miss the train.
sort сорт , вид , тип	сорт, вид, тип	What sort are you looking for? He was asking us all sorts of questions about you.
sound звук , звон	звук, звон	My car is making strange clicking sounds.
south юг	юг	Did you like living in the south? Their business is in the south of the city.
speak говорить	говорить	I phoned your office and spoke to your assistant. There was a long pause before she spoke again. Do you speak Chinese?
spring весна	весна	It's been a very wet spring.
stand стоять	стоять	He apologized for standing on my foot.
stay оставаться , задержаться , останавливаться	оставаться, задержаться, останавливаться	How long are you going to stay in Thailand?
still тем не менее , всё ещё , ещё , всё же	тем не менее, всё ещё, ещё, всё же	We knew we wouldn't win the game, but it was still fantastic to play it!
stop остановиться , остановить , прекращать	остановиться, остановить, прекращать	Stop at the cinema please.
strange странный	странный	When you arrive in a new country, everything seems strange.
street улица	улица	Walk along the high street and turn left.
strong сильный	сильный	Are you strong enough to carry that heavy box?
stupid бестолковый , глупый , дурацкий , тупой	бестолковый, глупый, дурацкий, тупой	Katy is too stupid to understand it.
such такой , такая	такой, такая	They want a 10% pay rise – such is the scale of their latest demand.
suggest предлагать , предложить , советовать	предлагать, предложить, советовать	I suggest (that) we have dinner first, and then watch the film. I suggested an Italian restaurant near the station for the party.
suitcase чемодан	чемодан	I like travelling without suitcase not to waste time at the baggage reclaim area.
summer лето	лето	He spent the summer in Paris.
sun солнце	солнце	We could feel the hot sun on our backs. I can't see a thing. The sun's in my eyes.
surprise сюрприз	сюрприз	There were few surprises at Wimbledon this year.
surprised удивлённый , удивлён	удивлённый, удивлён	I'll be really surprised if he gets here on time.
take брать , взять	брать, взять	Don't forget to take an extra pair of shoes. I've decided not to take the job.
talk разговаривать , болтать	разговаривать, болтать	My little girl has just started to talk.
tall высокий	высокий	She's much taller than me.
tax налог	налог	Income tax payments are due on the 15th of April.
teach обучать , преподавать , учить кого-то , научить	обучать, преподавать, учить кого-то, научить	How long have you been teaching here?
teacher учитель	учитель	We have a new French teacher at school.
ten десять	десять	Her father died ten years ago.
tenth десятый	десятый	This is his tenth year of working for the company.
terrible ужасный	ужасный	I'm afraid there's been a terrible mistake.
than чем , нежели	чем, нежели	We don't want to do more than is necessary. I'm taller than my dad.
that тот , та , то	тот, та, то	That's Jerry's car, over there.
their их	их	Workers are afraid that they will lose their jobs. Everyone has their own way of doing things.
them им , ими , их	им, ими, их	They've taken their families with them. Someone phoned, but I told them to call back later.
then потом , тогда , затем	потом, тогда, затем	I was working in the city then. Just then, the lights went out.
there там , здесь , туда	там, здесь, туда	I left the boxes over there. The museum is closed today. We'll go there tomorrow.
these эти	эти	Do you like these shoes?
they они	они	I phoned her parents because I knew they were worried. They are my cousins.
thing вещь , предмет	вещь, предмет	I have a lot of things to do today.
think думать	думать	What do you think he wants?
third третий	третий	She came third in the competition.
thirteen тринадцать	тринадцать	Some people think that thirteen is an unlucky number.
thirty тридцать	тридцать	She got married when she was thirty years old.
this этот , эта , это	этот, эта, это	I've brought this book to show you.
those те	те	Are those kids from our school?
three три	три	School finishes at three o'clock.
through через , сквозь	через, сквозь	The railway runs through a tunnel.
ticket билет	билет	The airline company sent us e-tickets yesterday.
time время , раз	время, раз	Time seemed to pass more quickly than before.
tired уставший , усталый	уставший, усталый	She was too tired to do any more.
to до (с минутами от 31 до 59) , к , в	до (с минутами от 31 до 59), к, в	She rushed to the phone.
today сегодня	сегодня	I'm working today. Computers today are so sophisticated.
tomorrow завтра	завтра	Are you going back home tomorrow? They’re arriving tomorrow morning.
too слишком , тоже , также	слишком, тоже, также	I was too excited to sleep.
top топ , верх , вершина	топ, верх, вершина	I am looking for a top to match this skirt. She waited for me at the top of the stairs.
towards по направлению к , навстречу	по направлению к, навстречу	She stood up and walked towards him.
town город , городок	город, городок	He was born in the small town of Castleford, in Yorkshire. We stayed in the best hotel in town.
translate переводить	переводить	We were asked to translate a list of sentences into English.
travel путешествовать	путешествовать	I wish I didn't have to travel so much.
true верный , правильный , настоящий , истинный	верный, правильный, настоящий, истинный	Her story is only partly true. Would it be true to say that you've never liked Jim? He was a true friend of mine.
try пытаться , пробовать , стараться	пытаться, пробовать, стараться	I know she's not very helpful, but she does try.
twelfth двенадцатый	двенадцатый	Our next meeting is on the twelfth of May.
twelve двенадцать	двенадцать	The cafeteria opens for lunch at twelve o'clock.
twenty двадцать	двадцать	There was space for twenty people.
twenty-one двадцать один	двадцать один	There were twenty-one students in the class.
twenty-two двадцать два	двадцать два	Twenty-two students passed the test last week.
two два	два	They have two houses.
under под	под	We took shelter under an oak tree.
understand понимать , понять	понимать, понять	If you don't understand, just put your hand up.
unfortunately к сожалению , увы , жаль	к сожалению, увы, жаль	Unfortunately, I didn't have my credit card with me, or else I would have bought it.
until до тех пор как , до , вплоть до	до тех пор как, до, вплоть до	James is expected to work here until Sunday.
up вверх	вверх	He climbed up the steps.
upstairs наверху , наверх , сверху	наверху, наверх, сверху	He heard glass breaking and ran upstairs to see what had caused it.
urgent срочный	срочный	Many people are in urgent need of food and water.
us нам , нас , нами	нам, нас, нами	It wasn't our idea, so don't blame us.
use употребить , использовать , воспользоваться	употребить, использовать, воспользоваться	The old hospital isn't used any more.
used to когда-то , прежде , раньше , привыкший	когда-то, прежде, раньше, привыкший	I used to spend summer holidays with grandparents when I was a kid.
usually обычно	обычно	What time do you usually go to bed?
very очень	очень	The situation is very serious.
voice голос	голос	A strange voice answered the phone.
wait ждать , ожидать	ждать, ожидать	Sheryl said she'd be waiting in the lobby.
walk гулять , ходить	гулять, ходить	Has your little boy learned to walk yet?
want хотеть	хотеть	We desperately want rain.
warm тёплый	тёплый	It was warm enough for us to sit outside.
wash стирать , мыть	стирать, мыть	I've got to wash the clothes.
watch часы , наручные часы	часы, наручные часы	I adore different watches.
water вода	вода	From the hotel there's a beautiful view of the water.
way способ , путь , дорога	способ, путь, дорога	I don't think this is the right way.
we мы	мы	We moved here soon after we were married. We are happy to see you.
weather погода	погода	Unsettled weather will continue through the weekend.
week неделя	неделя	He travels south two days a week.
well хорошо , ну	хорошо, ну	The concert was advertised well enough but ticket sales were poor.
west запад	запад	The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. Most of the region will be dry tomorrow, but the west will have some rain.
when когда	когда	When will we know our test results?
where куда , где	куда, где	Where does he live? Where are we going?
which который , какой	который, какой	Choose any card – it doesn't matter which. My car, which I have owned for five years, is a Ford. They're all so pretty – I don't know which one to choose.
white белый	белый	Luke's face was white with anger.
who который , кто	который, кто	Who did this? Who are all those people?
why почему , зачем	почему, зачем	Why wait? Let's leave now. Why did you choose to live in London?
wife жена	жена	I'd better phone my wife and tell her I'll be late.
will будет , станет	будет, станет	Clare will be five years old next month. The train leaves at 8:58, so we'll be in Scotland by lunchtime.
winter зима	зима	We spend the winter in the south.
with с , вместе с	с, вместе с	Don't argue with me.
with pleasure охотно , с удовольствием	охотно, с удовольствием	"Would you mind holding the door open for me, please?" "Oh, with pleasure."
without без	без	I left without my umbrella. I couldn't have done it without you.
woman женщина	женщина	She was a smiling young woman with dark hair.
wonderful чудесный	чудесный	There is a wonderful sea view from our hotel room.
word слово	слово	I was remembering the words of my old friend.
work работать	работать	I've been working in the garden all day.
world мир , земля	мир, земля	We want to guarantee our children a safer world.
worried обеспокоенный , взволнованный	обеспокоенный, взволнованный	She was sitting behind her desk with a worried look on her face. They don't seem worried about the situation.
worry беспокоиться , волноваться	беспокоиться, волноваться	Don't worry, she'll be all right.
worse хуже	хуже	Some said they'd never seen a worse film. The injury looked a lot worse than it really was.
worst наихудший	наихудший	The noise from the airport is worst at night. It was the worst accident in the company’s history.
would бы	бы	James said he would never forgive her. We realized it wouldn't be easy to find another secretary.
write писать , записывать , выписывать	писать, записывать, выписывать	Emily is just learning to write. He ought to have enough stories to write a book.
wrong ошибочный , неверный , неправильный	ошибочный, неверный, неправильный	Half of your test answers were wrong.
year год	год	He lived in Paris for a few years.
yellow жёлтый	жёлтый	It has pretty pale yellow flowers in early spring.
yes да	да	Yes, I love it.
yesterday вчера	вчера	I saw her yesterday afternoon. Yesterday, we went to the zoo.
you вы , ты	вы, ты	Do you like oranges ? He wasn't very good-looking, but you could tell he thought he was.
young молодой	молодой	Jenna is the youngest person in our family.
your твоё , ваше , твой , твоя , твоё , ваш	твоё, ваше, твой, твоя, твоё, ваш	You never really talk to your brother, do you?